I thought I'd write about different types of gemstones, since I've been seeing a LOT of misinformation out there.  I'll start with Quartz, because it's common, pretty, popular and there are lots of different types of Quartz gemstones:
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   | Amethyst - purple quartz | 
   | Aventurine - greenish translucent chalcedony | 
   | Carnelian - red chalcedony | 
   | Cat's Eye - chatoyant | 
   | Chalcedony - microcrystalline quartz | 
   | Chert - cryptocrystalline quartz | 
   | Chrysoprase - apple green chalcedony | 
   | Citrine - yellow quartz | 
   | Flint - microcrystalline quartz | 
   | Hornstone - flint | 
   | Jasper - red or brown chalcedony | 
   | Moss Agate - variety of chaledony with inclusions | 
   | Plasma - green chalcedony | 
   | Prase - leek green chalcedony | 
   | Rock Crystal - clear quartz | 
   | Rose Quartz - rose pink colored quartz | 
   | Sapphire Quartz - blue colored quartz | 
   | Smoky Quartz - brown to black quartz | 
   | Tiger Eye - pseudomorph of asbestos 
 
 The worst thing I've been seeing lately are colored glass stones sold as quartz.  These are generally given "fruity" names:  strawberry, pineapple, cherry, blueberry quartz, etc., or sometimes just colors (aqua quartz, ruby quartz, pink quartz, etc.)   But these are NOT "quartz" at all, but manufactured glass!  There IS a genuine "lemon quartz" however, which is a sort
  of greenish golden color, different from citrine, shown here: |